PREVALENCE AND COMPOSITION OF KIDNEY STONES IN SOUTH INDIA: AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY

Abstract

Background: Kidney stone disease is a growing health concern in South India, influenced by environmental factors, dietary habits, and genetic predispositions. Understanding the prevalent types of kidney stones in specific regions can aid in developing targeted prevention strategies.

Methods: An observational study was conducted at MVJ Medical College and Research Hospital, Bangalore, involving 40 adult patients from both urban and rural areas of Karnataka. Each participant underwent clinical evaluation, ultrasonography, and biochemical analysis of extracted kidney stones to determine their composition.

Results: The analysis revealed that calcium oxalate stones were the most common, accounting for 71% of cases, while uric acid stones comprised 29%. No cystine stones were identified. Additionally, a higher incidence was observed in male patients compared to females.

Conclusion: The predominance of calcium oxalate stones suggests a correlation with regional dietary patterns, fluid intake, and metabolic factors. The gender disparity indicates a need for further investigation into behavioral and physiological differences. These findings underscore the importance of tailored public health interventions focusing on diet and hydration to prevent kidney stone formation in this population.